This overview highlights the use of various mathematical methods to accurately and efficiently determine the structural dimensions of buildings. Through approaches such as static analysis, elasticity and stiffness analysis, dynamic analysis, linear programming, and the application of safety factors, structural design can be carried out with greater precision. These methods assist engineers in selecting safe, economical, and load-appropriate dimensions for columns, beams, and foundations. A comprehensive mathematical approach is essential for producing reliable building structures that meet modern civil engineering standards.