Hukum Perikanan
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Abstract
Hukum perikanan merupakan kerangka hukum yang mengatur pemanfaatan, pengelolaan, dan perlindungan sumber daya perikanan secara berkelanjutan dalam perspektif nasional dan internasional. Dalam konteks modern, hukum perikanan tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen regulasi, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme pengendalian untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan ekonomi dan kelestarian lingkungan laut. Tantangan seperti overfishing, degradasi ekosistem, dan praktik Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing) menuntut adanya sistem hukum yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap dinamika global.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber ilmiah dan regulasi terkait hukum perikanan. Fokus kajian meliputi sistem perizinan, pengawasan, penegakan hukum, serta peran masyarakat dan kerja sama internasional dalam pengelolaan perikanan. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk memahami keterkaitan antara konsep hukum dan implementasinya dalam praktik pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan.
Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas hukum perikanan sangat dipengaruhi oleh integrasi kebijakan nasional dan internasional, penguatan sistem pengawasan, serta partisipasi aktif masyarakat pesisir. Selain itu, harmonisasi regulasi dan peningkatan kerja sama lintas negara menjadi kunci dalam mengatasi tantangan pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan yang bersifat lintas batas. Dengan demikian, hukum perikanan berperan penting dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan serta peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir.
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